System Based Concept
There are 2 kind of approached to definite a system :
1. System approached by procedure
System is network group of procedures which is has an interaction, gathering with to do an activity or finishing certainly target.
Procedure is a sequenced clerical operation, which is involve some people in one or more departmental, which used to guarantee a same handling of business transaction that happened.
2. System approached by component or element
system is corps of elements which is have interaction to reach specific-purpose.
A system has an intention and it used to getting a goal or getting an objectives.
1. System Characteristics
A system has characteristics such as:
1. Components
2. Boundary
3. Environment
4. Interface
5. Input
6. Output
7. Process
8. Objectives or Goal
1. System component
System consist of some component which has been interacted, that mean they work together to make a unity. System components or system elements may be able to be in form of subsystems or part of the system. Every subsystem has nature of the system to running a function and influences all of the system process.
2. Boundary
system boundary represent an area that limiting between a system with other system. These system boundaries enable a system viewed as one system.
3. Environment
External environment of system is any beyond the bounds of system which can influence the system operation. External environment of system can profit this system and also can harming the system.
4. Interface
Interfaces represent link media between one subsystem with the other subsystem. By passing this interface, resources enable to float from one subsystem to other subsystem. output of subsystem can become to be input of other subsystem.
5. Input System
Input is energy which putted into the system. Input can be in form of maintenance input and signal input. Maintenance input is energy insert into so that system can operate. Signal input is energy that processed to get output.
6. Output System
Output is result of energy that cultivated and classified to be useful output and exile remainder. Output can be input for other subsystem or to supra system.
7. System Process
A system may have a processing part that will change input come to be output.
8. System Objectives or Goal
A system must has goal and objectives. Target of the system is very determine once input that wanted by system and the output that will be produced by system.
2. System Classification
System can classified from several view point, that is:
1. System classified as abstract system and physical system.
Abstract system is system which can be in form of brain or ideas which physically didn’t appear.
Physical system is a system that physically exists.
2. System classified as natural system and human made system.
Natural system is system that came from naturally process, it isn’t made by human.
Human made system is system which is designed by human. Human made system involves interaction between human and mechine called human-machine system or also called man-machine system.
3. System classified as deterministic system and probabilistic system.
Deterministic system operated with behavior which can be predicted. Interaction between its parts can be detected categorically, so the output of system predictable.
Probabilistic system is system which is its future condition can’t be predicted because of contain probability element.
4. System classified as closed system and open system.
Closed system is system not connected and not influenced by environment. Theoretically this closed system is exist, but in reality there is no system is really closed, only exist is relatively closed system.
Open system is system which related and influenced by external environment. This system get input and produce output for outside environment or the other subsystem.
Information Based Concept
Information means data that cultivated to be more useful form and more values for its receiver. The recources of Information is data. Data means plural form from a single data item. Data is real thing which show events. Event means something happen in a time.
1. The Cycle of Information
Data means the raw form of something which can’t tell us about the information inside, so it needs to process continued. Data processed pass through from a model to resulting information and then it receive by receiver and make decision and do something, it mean resulting another movement that will be make the data is back. That data would be caught as input, it processed again from a model, it work continue until the process become a cycle. This cycle by John Burch called information cycle. This also called data processing cycles.
2. The Quality of Information
The quality of quality information depends of three things, such as accurate, timeliness, and relevance.
· Accurate, the information must be free from errors and not refraction or mislead.
· Timeliness, it mean the information may not be late. The expired information will not have a value, because information is a basic to get a decision.
· Relevance, it mean the information have a benefit for the user. The relevance information for every people with the other one is different.
3. The Value of Information
Value of information depends of two things, such as benefit and cost to reach it. An information called values when the benefit more effective than the cost to reach.
Information System Based Concept
Information system mean a system in an organization which meet daily process transaction requirement, to support operation, managerially and activity of strategy from an organization and serve certain external side with needed reports.
